Solutions - Chapter 3 - Kozier Erb's Fundamentals Nursing - 10 Ed

 

1TYK. “A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a 3. given phenomenon” best defines which of the following?
1.  A concept
2.  A conceptual framework
3.  A theory
4.  A paradigm
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2CTC. Critical Thinking Checkpoint
Tony is a 32-year-old man with HIV. His first AIDS-defining illness caused his weight to drop from 175 to 116 pounds due to intractable diarrhea. The physician thought caloric intake was of primary importance and urged Tony to eat whatever he wanted. The physician also prescribed tincture of opium for the diarrhea, but Tony hated the tincture of opium because it made him feel out of control. Because Tony was getting worse, his nurse argued that he needed intravenous nutrition and should eat only bananas, rice, applesauce, and weak tea until the diarrhea stopped. The nurse suggested adding other foods one at a time and only as tolerated. Tony's family and friends offered to take control of Tony's food preparation.
The physician compared AIDS to advanced cancer and argued he would not prescribe intravenous nutrition for advanced cancer.
The nurse argued that this was Tony’s first AIDS infection and that his prognosis was better than someone with advanced cancer. The nurse's primary focus was on stopping the diarrhea, and supplementing nutrition with IVs. Tony’s friends preferred the nurse's approach, but Tony was not as easily convinced.
What appear to be the perspectives or views represented by the physician and the nurse (how might you say they are defining the metaparadigm)?
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2TYK. “A group of related ideas or statements” best defines which of the following?
1.  A philosophy
2.  A conceptual framework
3.  A theory
4.  A paradigm
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3CTC. Critical Thinking Checkpoint
Tony is a 32-year-old man with HIV. His first AIDS-defining illness caused his weight to drop from 175 to 116 pounds due to intractable diarrhea. The physician thought caloric intake was of primary importance and urged Tony to eat whatever he wanted. The physician also prescribed tincture of opium for the diarrhea, but Tony hated the tincture of opium because it made him feel out of control. Because Tony was getting worse, his nurse argued that he needed intravenous nutrition and should eat only bananas, rice, applesauce, and weak tea until the diarrhea stopped. The nurse suggested adding other foods one at a time and only as tolerated. Tony's family and friends offered to take control of Tony's food preparation.
The physician compared AIDS to advanced cancer and argued he would not prescribe intravenous nutrition for advanced cancer.
The nurse argued that this was Tony’s first AIDS infection and that his prognosis was better than someone with advanced cancer. The nurse's primary focus was on stopping the diarrhea, and supplementing nutrition with IVs. Tony’s friends preferred the nurse's approach, but Tony was not as easily convinced.
How might Florence Nightingale analyze this situation?
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3TYK. “A set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world” is a definition for which of the following?
1.  A concept
2.  A conceptual framework
3.  A practice discipline
4.  A paradigm
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4CTC. Critical Thinking Checkpoint
Tony is a 32-year-old man with HIV. His first AIDS-defining illness caused his weight to drop from 175 to 116 pounds due to intractable diarrhea. The physician thought caloric intake was of primary importance and urged Tony to eat whatever he wanted. The physician also prescribed tincture of opium for the diarrhea, but Tony hated the tincture of opium because it made him feel out of control. Because Tony was getting worse, his nurse argued that he needed intravenous nutrition and should eat only bananas, rice, applesauce, and weak tea until the diarrhea stopped. The nurse suggested adding other foods one at a time and only as tolerated. Tony's family and friends offered to take control of Tony's food preparation.
The physician compared AIDS to advanced cancer and argued he would not prescribe intravenous nutrition for advanced cancer.
The nurse argued that this was Tony’s first AIDS infection and that his prognosis was better than someone with advanced cancer. The nurse's primary focus was on stopping the diarrhea, and supplementing nutrition with IVs. Tony’s friends preferred the nurse's approach, but Tony was not as easily convinced.
Which of the nursing models in this chapter best supports the nurse's plan of care?
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4TYK. Which provides the best explanation for describing nursing as a practice discipline?
1.  Nursing focuses on performing the professional role.
2.  It takes time and experience to become a competent nurse.
3.  Research and theory development is a central focus.
4.  Nurses function as members of a team who form a practice group.
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5TYK. Person, environment, health, and nursing constitute the metaparadigm for nursing because they do which of the following?
1.  Provide a framework for implementing the nursing process.
2.  Can be utilized in any setting when caring for a client.
3.  Can be utilized to determine applicability of a research study.
4.  Focus on the needs of a group of clients.
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6TYK. Which is an accurate statement about the role of nursing theory?
1.  Practice theories assist nurses to reflect on the effectiveness of what they do.
2.  Midlevel theories, describing the interrelationships among a broad range of concepts within nursing, have been well tested through nursing research.
3.  All schools of nursing in the United States are organized around one of the conceptual models described in this chapter.
4.  Nursing theory guides the direction of research but not that of education or practice.
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7TYK. The purpose of theory in science is to
1.  Build a rationale for programs of research.
2.  Explain why scientists do what they do.
3.  Help scientists interpret phenomena.
4.  Distinguish science from art.
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